Surface expression of only gamma delta and/or alpha beta T cell receptor heterodimers by cells with four (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) functional receptor chains. promising immunotherapy strategy for cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have shown promise in the treatment of B cell malignancy. (1) However, ACT immunotherapy for solid tumors faces the challenge of specificity when targeting tumors. To date, T cells have frequently been tested as effector cells for ACT, including tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for metastatic melanoma (2,3) and T cell receptor (TCR) gene-engineered T cells for other tumor types. (4,5) Although Rosenbergs laboratory found that a mutation in erbb2 interacting protein triggered CD4 + TH1 cell activation and demonstrated a cure efficacy in ACT, the method is not feasible, given the high cost and complicated process. (6) Therefore, our laboratory and other groups have pursued TCR gene therapy as an alternative approach. Compared with TCR, which is highly specific for its antigen, TCR displays characteristics of innate immunity, directly recognizing many stress-induced antigens in an MHC-independent manner in the early stages of inflammation and tumorigenesis. (7) Human T cells are grouped into 2 major subsets, V1 and V2 T cells. V1 T cells are common Fluorocurarine chloride in mucosa, especially the submucosal areas of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. They recognize MHC class ICrelated molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) and UL-16Cbinding proteins (ULBPs) expressed at variable levels on epithelial tumor cells and some leukemias and lymphomas. V2 T cells belong to a minor subset of the total CD127 T cell pool in the peripheral blood, responding mainly to aminobisphosphonates/synthetic phosphoantigen. (8) Due to broad-spectrum tumor recognition of TCR, gene transduction into effector T cells, such as T cells, may be an attractive therapeutic approach. It appears to resolve the fundamental problem of tumor targeting not found in TCR. Previous studies by other groups and our laboratory have confirmed that and suppress tumor growth in Daudi or SKOV3 tumor cellCbearing mice models. (9,10) Preparing a large number of tumor-reactive T cells in a short time is a major challenge for ACT in cancer patients. Transduction of tumor antigenCreactive TCR into T cells is one strategy to acquire sufficient T cells. Antigen-specific first noted that OT-I TCR-transduced CD8 + T cells triggered mispairingCmediated autoimmunity in C57BL/6 mice. (12) To prevent this, multiple approaches were used, including murinized TCR and cysteine-modified TCR, with T cells as recipient Fluorocurarine chloride cells transduced with exogenous gene transfer method. Here we show for the first time that and and chains with a tumor antigenCspecific CDR3 region identified from TILs of gastric carcinoma tissues was been Fluorocurarine chloride previously described. (18) Briefly, the V region of was amplified using cDNA from the TILs of gastric carcinoma tissues as a template with with GTM and chains were amplified from cDNA of gastric tumorCderived TILs by PCR using full-length and primers directed at 5-end region and 3-end region, then cloned into pREP9 and pREP7 vectors for sequence analysis. After sequence was identified, especially for GTM, the and genes were cloned individually and co-cloned into pCDH vectors containing the marker genes copGFP to obtain and experiments are presented as the mean standard deviation (SD). Analysis of variance and independent samples t-test were used to analyze data. For experiments, the tumor volume was assessed by analysis of variance and paired t-test, and the data are presented as the mean SEM. value < 0.05 is regarded as significant. RESULTS The Lentiviral Vector Efficiently Transduced into Peripheral BloodCDerived T Cells We previously identified a high- frequency CDR3 dominant sequence (CDR31: CAFLPHADKLIFGKG), termed GTM, in TCR1 chain from TILs in human gastric cancer through RT-PCR and analysis of a large number of CDR31 sequences. We confirmed Fluorocurarine chloride that the CDR31 peptide played a crucial role in tumor antigen recognition and bound to a wide variety of tumor cell lines and tissues similar to intact TCR41. (18) The full-length TCR1 with GTM and TCR4 chains were amplified from cDNA of a gastric tumorCderived TILs by Fluorocurarine chloride PCR and paired to form TCR41 (18) (Figure?1A). Using the amplified and DNAs from pREP9-TCR1 with GTM and gene was controlled by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Figure?1B). Open in a separate window Figure 1. The lentiviral vector efficiently transduced into peripheral bloodCderived T cells. (A) Schematic diagram of TCR41 receptor. The V region of was amplified using RNA from the TILs of gastric carcinoma tissues by RT-PCR. A high-frequency CDR31 sequence, termed GTM, was identified by sequence analysis. The full-length TCR1 with GTM and TCR4.
