(A) short-term (3C7 years) frozen-thawed cells; (B) long-term (>?=?10 years) frozen-thawed cells; (C) New ASCs. post-thaw viability for long-term freezing group was 78% whereas for short-term freezing group 79% with no significant differences between the two organizations. The circulation cytometry evaluation of stromal surface markers, CD29, CD90, CD105, CD44, and CD73 indicated the manifestation (above 95%) in passages P1-P4 in all of the frozen-thawed ASC organizations and new ASCs whereas the hematopoietic markers CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD146 were indicated extremely low (below 2%) within both the frozen-thawed and new cell organizations. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis exposed some differences between the?osteogenic gene expression of long-term frozen group in comparison to new ASCs. Intriguingly, one group of cells from your short-term freezing group exhibited amazingly higher manifestation of osteogenic genes in comparison to new ASCs. The adipogenic differentiation potential remained virtually unchanged between all the frozen-thawed organizations and the fresh ASCs. Long-term cryopreservation of ASCs, in general, has a somewhat bad impact on the osteogenic potential of ASCs, especially as it relates to the decrease in osteopontin gene manifestation but not significantly so with respect to RUNX2 and osteonectin gene expressions. However, the adipogenic potential, post thaw viability, and immunophenotype characteristics remain relatively intact between all the organizations. Introduction Adipose cells derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), with an appropriate stimulus, can be differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic cell lineages1C4. Hence, ASCs have the potential to be used in cell centered therapies to treat various diseases associated with bone5C7, heart8C10, kidney11C13, and neural cells14C16. To store for future medical use, ASCs are typically maintained using freezing techniques with the aid of cryoprotectants like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyvinlypyrrolidone (PVP), methyl cellulose, etc17C23. Over the past few years, several studies have shown the differentiation capacity, surface marker manifestation, 2-Keto Crizotinib proliferative capacity, and senescence of these cryopreserved ASCs remained virtually unchanged20C26. Most of these reported studies Rabbit Polyclonal to APLP2 are done with the ASCs that are cryopreserved and stored for times ranging from 24?hours to up to one year. For medical applications in the real world, the patient may require the ASCs after a decade or more from the point of donation19,27,28. However, the data on long term (at least ten years or more) effects of cryopreservation on ASCs has not as yet been reported in the literature and is the focus of the present study. 2-Keto Crizotinib A study conducted within the peripheral blood progenitor cells stored for longer than 10 years reported the decrease in the viability and activity of reddish cell colonies and white cell colonies29. Similarly, prior studies have reported the osteogenic potential of cryopreserved ASCs was found to be impeded both and in comparison to new ASCs30. Furthermore, it 2-Keto Crizotinib has been previously shown that the age, BMI, and gender of the donor effect the ASC features31C34 and these factors might also effect 2-Keto Crizotinib the effects of long term cryopreservation storage results. According to the International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Technology (IFATS) and International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), tradition expanded ASCs must differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages and communicate surface markers CD73, CD90, CD44 and CD10535. Several other studies possess reported that new ASCs express the surface markers CD73, CD 90, CD105, CD44 and CD2936C38. It is not known if the ASCs stored longer than ten years continue to meet the criteria set from the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) and retain the mesenchymal stem cell characteristics. Therefore, it is imperative to study the long term effects of cryopreservation within the ASCs to insure the development of safer and effective cell based therapies. In this study, to determine the decade long effects of cryopreservation of ASCs, we investigated and compared ASCs processed from multiple donors, as shown in Table?1, that were cryopreserved for long-term (>?=?10 years), short-term (3C7 years), and fresh ASCs (never cryopreserved)..
